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UNIT 1
Fluids : Definition, Ideal fluids, real fluids, Newtonian and
non-Newtonian fluids.
Properties of Fluids : Units of measurement, Mass density, Specific
weight, Specific volume, Specific Gravity, Viscosity, Surface tension and
Capillarity, Compressibility and Elasticity.
UNIT 2
Hydrostatics : Pressure at a point in a static fluid; pressure
variation in an incompressible static fluid; atmospheric pressure, Gauge
pressure, vacuum pressure, absolute pressure, Manometers Bourdon pressure
gauge.
Buoyancy : Forces acting on immersed plane surface. Centre of
pressure, forces on curved surfaces. Conditions of equilibrium of floating
bodies, meta-centre and metacentric height experimental and analytical
determination of metacentric height.
UNIT 3
Equilibrium of Fluid particles and flow: Fluid mass subjected to
horizontal and vertical acceleration and uniform rotation.
Hydro-kinematics : Types of Flows : Steady and unsteady,
uniform and non-uniform, stream lines, path lines, stream tubes,
principles of conservation of mass, equation of continuity, acceleration
of fluid particles local and connective, Rotational and irrational
motions, free and forced vortex, circulation and voracity velocity
potential and stream function, elementary treatment of flow net. Euler’s
equations of motion and integration of Euler’s equations, Bernoulli’s
equation for incompressible Fluids, assumptions in Bernoulli's equation,
Energy correction factor.
UNIT 4
Applications of Bernoulli's equation : Pitot tube, Venturimeter,
orifice meter, orifices & mouth pieces, time of emptying of tanks by
orifices, sharp edged rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal notches,
Francis formula. Velocity of approach. End contractions Cippoletti Weir,
time of emptying reservoirs by weirs.
Momentum Equation and its Application : Development of momentum
equation by control volume concept, Momentum correction factor,
applications – Boarda’s mouth pieces, sudden enlargement of flow, pressure
on flat plates, Nozzles.
UNIT 5
Flow throgh Pipes : Laminar flow, Reynolds experiment, transition
from laminar to turbulent flow. Turbulent Flow : Laws of fluid friction,
friction factor Moodys diagram, loss of head due to friction and other
causes. Hydraulic gradient, total energy line Chezy’s, Darcys and Mannings
formula, flow through parallel pipes and pipes in series, flow through
branched pipes. Flow along a by pass. Power transmission through pipe,
condition for maximum power. Elementary water hammer concept.
Elementary Concept of Boundary Layer Theory : force on immersed
bodies drag and lift flow past a cylinder a flat plate and on air foil,
drag and lift coefficients. Boundary layer separation.
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