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UNIT 1
Dimensional Analysis & Models : Dynamical Similarity and Dimensional
Homegeneity Model experiment, geometric, Kinematic and Dynamic similarity.
Reynold’s, froudes, Weber’s, Euler and Mach numbers. Distorted river
models and undistorted models, proper choice of scale ratios. Scale
effect. Principle of dimensional analysis Rayleigh method, Buckingham
theorem, applications of dimensional analysis to pipe Friction problems,
resistance to motion of partially and fully submerged bodies and other
simple problems. Ship model experiments.
UNIT 2
Laminar Flow : Relation betweens shear & pressure gradient. Flow
between plates & pipes. Equations for velocity distribution, pressure
difference.
Turbulent Flow in pipes : Theories of Turbulence, Nikuradse’s
Experiments. Hydrodynamically smooth & rough boundaries. Laminar, Sublayer,
Equations of velocity distribution and friction coefficient. Stanton
Diagram, Moody’s diagram.
UNIT 3
Flow through open channels : Uniform, Non-Uniform and variable flow.
Resistance equations of Chezy, Mannring and Bazin. Section factor for
uniform flow. Most Efficient rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal
sections. Equations of gradually varied flow in Prismatic channels.
Limitation of its applicability and assumption made in its derivation.
Specific emergy of flow. Critical depth in prismatic channels. Alternate
depths. Rapid, critical and sub critical Flow Mild, steep and Critical
Slopes. Classification of surface curves in prismatic channels and
elementary computation
UNIT 4
Rapidly varied flow: Hydraulic jump or standing wave in rectangular
channels. Conjugate or sequent depths Losses in jump, location of jump.
Broad crested weirs for channel flow: Measurement, velocity distribution
in open channels, parshall flume.
Impact of free Jets : Impact of a jet on a flat or a curved vane,
moving and stationary vane, flow over radial vanes.
UNIT 5
Centrifugal pumps and turbines : Vulute and whirlpool chambers, Loses
of head due to variation of discharge Manometric and Hydraulic
efficiencies, Description of single and multistage pumps. Specific speed,
characteristic curves. Model Test. Reaction and Impulse turbines, specific
speed, Mixed flow turbines. Pelton wheel turbine, Francis turbine,
propeller turbine and Kaplan turbine Efficiency, Characteristics of
turbines. Basic principles of governing of turbines, Draft-tube, Selection
of turbines, model tests.
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