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UNIT 1
Introduction :Importance of surveying to engineers, Plane and geodetic
surveying, methods of location of points, principle of surveying from
whole to part, conventional signs.
Measurement of Distances : Different types of chains, tapes and
their uses. Sources of error and precautions, corrections to tape
measurements. Field problems in distance measurement.
UNIT 2
Measurement of Angles & Direction : Different types of direction
measuring instruments and their uses. Reference meridians, Bearing and
azimuths, magnetic declination and its variation. Use and adjustment of
surveyors and prismatic compass. Vernier and micro-optic theodolite,
temporary and permanent adjustment of vernier theodolite. Measurement of
horizontal and vertical angle by different methods. Application of
theodolite in field problems.
UNIT 3
Traversing : Different methods of traversing; chain traverse, chain &
compass traverse, transit-tape traverse. Methods of computations and
adjustment of traverse; transit rule, Bowditch rule, graphical method,
axis method. Gales traverse table.
UNIT 4
Leveling : Definitions of various terms in leveling. Different types
of leveling, sources of errors in leveling curvature and refraction
corrections. Temporary and permanent adjustment of dumpy and tilting
levels. Computation and adjustment of levels. Profile leveling; L-Section
and cross-sections.
UNIT 5
Plane Table Surveying : Elements of plane table survey working
operations, methods of plane table survey; intersection, traversing and
resection, two point and three point problems.
Contouring : Characteristics of contours, contour interval, contour
gradient, Methods of locating contours, uses of contour maps.
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